Photosynthesis: step by step aasan Roman Urdu mein

Likhne wali: Javeria Maqsood, Rehnuma · Aakhri update: 2 November 2026

Photosynthesis wo amal hai jis mein paude roshni ki energy se carbon dioxide aur paani ko glucose aur oxygen mein badalte hain.

Equation

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → (roshni, chlorophyll) → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Yani 6 carbon dioxide aur 6 paani se 1 glucose aur 6 oxygen banti hai.

Ye kahan hota hai

Paude ke chloroplast mein. Chloroplast ke andar thylakoids (grana) mein light reactions aur stroma mein Calvin cycle hoti hai. Chlorophyll roshni ko jazb karta hai.

Stage 1: Light-dependent reactions

Thylakoid membrane mein hoti hain.
Roshni se paani tootta hai (photolysis) aur oxygen bahar nikalti hai.
Energy ATP aur NADPH mein jama hoti hai.

Stage 2: Calvin cycle (light-independent)

Stroma mein hoti hai.
CO₂ ko enzyme RuBisCO fix karta hai.
ATP aur NADPH ki madad se glucose (triose phosphate se) banta hai.

Limiting factors

Photosynthesis ki raftaar in par depend karti hai: roshni ki shiddat, CO₂ ki miqdar aur temperature. Jo factor sab se kam ho wahi raftaar ko rokta hai.

Yaad rakhne ka tareeqa

"Light reactions mein paani tootta hai, Calvin cycle mein CO₂ judta hai." Pehle roshni ATP/NADPH deti hai, phir inhi se sugar banti hai.

Rehnuma se ye sawal poochein

“Photosynthesis step by step samjhao”
“Light aur dark reactions ka farq batao”
“Photosynthesis ke 10 MCQs karao”

Rehnuma kholein: 3 din free

Is topic mein mazeed madad ke liye Biology ka page dekhein.

Aksar poochhe jane wale sawal

Photosynthesis ki equation kya hai?

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ (roshni aur chlorophyll ki mojoodgi mein).

Oxygen kahan se aati hai?

Light reactions mein paani ke tootne (photolysis) se.